The Business Organisation And Environment Of Devices Information Technology Essay

The Business Organisation And Environment Of Devices Information Technology Essay Internet is one of the best communicating and information device that created by human it is used in a global scale for faster communication research in data and also online business, there are many type of companies around the world provides the telecommunication service. As regarding the information above our group has selected a company which is currently the leading telecommunication company in Malaysia that is called Telekom Malaysia berhad which owns a capitalization over RM11 billion and total work force of around 24,000. Before moving on to the points that we researched which are related to the company we would like to explain the history and achievement of the company with the information we gathered. The history of the Telekom Malaysia Berhad . The company was established in the year 1946, developed rapidly from the year 1995 where internet was first internet age began in Malaysia. According to the Malaysian internet survey which was conducted by Mimos and beta interactive services on 1995 one out of every thousand Malaysian had excess to the internet. As the company develop step by step with the partnership with the national building it helped the Malaysia country and the company itself with the latest technology and transform its network infrastructure from analog to digital and now moving on towards an IP base. Moving on towards the points that we choose and found the information related to the company is business organization and its environment, individual at work and lastly organization structure of Telekom Malaysia Berhad. Business Organisation and Environment As every Malaysian knows, Telekom Malaysia Berhad (TM) is currently a leading telecommunication company in Malaysia which provides internet services, voice services and also entertainment services for each of everyone of Malaysia. TM Company obtains the success today due to the outstanding leadership of the CEO. TM Companys aim is to become Malaysias top leading of new generation communications provider and to fulfill customers needs by their cutting-edge technology and excellence performance. The reason that pushes TM Company to the peak is because that the vision and mission of the company is clear and distinct, which gives their worker a general idea of what is the purpose of working there. Despite that, various types of problems from both internal and external environment still arise in the TM Company which affects the performance of the company. Malaysia is famous for its multicultural races, no doubt inside TM Company also a multicultural organization. Personalities and behaviors of workers in the organization are crucial to the company because they are the one who keep the companys profile high. For sure there are tons of types of personality and behavior inside the organization; therefore it is necessary to maintain the order of it. Human resources policies and legislation had been enacted for this purpose. Example such as Employment Act 1955, among the content, it is prohibited for women to work at around ten oclock in the night and five oclock in the morning, and also women are not allowed for underground working. Furthermore, TM Company also provides training for the new employees to be developed into various levels of staff for the company and also its subsidiaries in their own TM Training Centre. In every field of business, competitors are unavoidable. Same goes to TM Company, other company like Maxis, Digi, P1 W1max, Izzi and others are improving from time to time, which gives TM Company the pressure to upgrade them furthermore. At first, these types of companies had only made a slight impact on TM, but as business industries are affected by the globalization later on in 1990s, the competitive forces increases and forces TM to change its organization in order to cope with it. TM had no other ways but to re-organize their organization that majorly focus in improving and enhancing their productivity in order to keep surviving in the telecommunication industry with these much of competitors. Other than that, knowledge management also affects TM Companys performance and organization. The business today has moved into a rapid-changing and knowledge-based environment compare to the time before. Thus, many believes that running the business based on knowledge is crucial to the organization in order to survive. For TM Company, changing the organization style is keeping their performances remain outstanding among their competitors in telecommunication field. Leaders in TM Company use knowledge management method to keep the organization in shapes and in conjunction with that, they can fully utilize the intellectual capital. This enables the intellectual capital to grow from the aspects of skills, attitude and behavior of employees thus increasing the overall performance. Organisation structure TM Company is a big company in Malaysia. Therefore, TM company has its own unique structure and system which in bureaucracy style. Diagram 1.1 : structure of TM company Six key elements such as work specialisation, departmentlisation, chain of command, span of control ,centralisation and decentralisation and formalisation are used in designing the structure. According to the diagram above, work specialisation do exist in TM Company. For example, there are some workers who are specialised in certain tasks. Workers like technicians will repair all the systems and infrastructures of company. When lot of the specialist work together in an environment, it will form a department to perform certain similar tasks, which is a form of departmenlisation. Another element is span of control. From Diagram 1.1, span of control of each layer can be seen easily. For example, the board of directors got narrow span of control because under him there is only one subordinate, which is the chief executive officer. On the other hand, the chief executive officer got a wider span of control compare to the previous one. Under the CEO is another layer which consists of differ ent department managers and a wider span. This sequence is continued until the lowest layer of the structure.So, the chain of command will pass from the higher layer to lower layer for delegation of jobs. When all the information are gathered or jobs are completed, the final decision and approval will make by the board of directors.That call centralisation.Under some specific situation, decentralisation are used. Board of directors will pass the authority of making decision to lower layer to handle the project.Rules made by the company are call formalisation, that need all workers follow it when they are joined the company. From these elements, a tall structure can seen. Diagram 1.2 shows that a tall structure and the span of control of TM Company Beside that, there are some determinants of organisation structure such as technology, environment and strategies issues. Nowadays, technology are improved rapidly and it is a key success factor for TM Company.Technological advancement can lead TM Company competitive with other firms. In Malaysia, 2 types of telecommunication technologies, wired and wireless are applied. In field of wired internet, data communication technology like Digital Subscriber Line (DSL) being ultilizing via connection of copper lines to households.Therefore, TM company is controls the virtual DSL market.In other side, High-Speed Broadband(HSBB) are invented by TM Company using the Fiber-to-the-home ( FTTH) technology to enhance the wireless internet connection. In this modern era, a huge population of office workers are using internet to do research for their tasks. So, broadband penetration in Malaysia is getting bigger due to citizens are shifting towards knowledge-based nation. Another fact is broadband can carry easily to anywhere. Due to limitation of quota in broadband, those worker rather use wired internet connection in their home and workplaces. The demand of internet is become greater and it is a chance for TM Company to lead the market.The branches of TM, TMnet Streamyx is major choices of workes choose for internet connection.Workers can choose either using wired or wireless connection, unlike Digi, Celcom and Maxis broadband are running in wireless connection. Individuals at work In what specific ways that an individual influences an organization There are three important leadership skills that an individual should have to be able to climb up to the management position. For example, goal settings, attitude and procedure management. According to (Maryellen Gibsons blog ) a manager that has a positive attitude will effect an entire team or company in an encouraging manner and a manager which has a negative attitude will affect the organization in a not so optimistic manner. Other than this, procedure management will help an organization to stay orderly and organized. For example, when there is a new project or task to be done, theres no need to make a whole new procedure just for that project. With proper procedure management an organization can save precious time and become more efficient. Lastly, the third leadership skill is to have a goal setting. A manager which has a clear mind set for his or her company is great for benefiting their company or organization because if there is a project the manager and his company will be able to know the result of the project. A really effective manager will need to let his team contribute to the success of the project so they have ownership in the final result. Individuals at TM Net DATO ZAMZAMZAIRANI MOHD ISA is currently the managing director and the group chief executive officer of TM Net. Aged 50, a Malaysian, has been appointed managing director of TM since 25 of April 2008. He holds a Bachelors degree in communication engineering from Plymouth Polytechnic in the United Kingdom. He is very experienced in the telecommunication field. DATUK BAZLAN OSMAN is presently TM Nets executive director and group chief financial officer. Now at age 46, he was appointed the role of executive director of TM since 25 of April 2008. He started of as an auditor with a public accounting firm in 1986 and finally joined the Celcom Axiata Berhad in 2001 as chief financial officer of the company. Now, he also oversees the operations of Global, Wholesale and Support Business. Interview questions Example: If the job is offered to you, how long do you plan to stay in the job position given? (This question is use to test how high the worker is aiming for and from what can be predicted from the workers performance for the company in the future) What is your expected salary range? (This question is to test the workers deservedness to have the expected salary) What do you know about the job position you have enquired for and what duties do you think this job requires you to do. (This question is to test the workers knowledge about the company) What kind of challenges do you think you will encounter in this job position? (This question is to test the workers thoughts on how to overcome a problem if handling with one) What separate this from our competitors? Conclusion Business organization and its environment is how the organization and business of the company affected by both internal and external environment. From time to time, usually the companys organization structure will be changed as the competitors in the same field increase and to avoid problems occur towards the internal environment which will lead the company to a downfall. TM Companys organization structure was reorganized to overcome problems in both internal and external environments and to stabilize the economy of the company. Organization structure can be determined by six key elements which are work specialization, departmentalization, chain of command, span of control, centralization decentralization, and formalization. Based on all these key elements in organization structure, the leaders in TM Company can manage the organization better and produce a result higher than what are expected. Every individual in the company is crucial to the company, their personality; behavior and every single commitment are keys to success in the future. Each and every individual in the company have their own roles which can be carried out on their own only, thus they should bear the responsibility and to accomplish their duties either as leaders or subordinates. To improve the company status they use the various methods to achieve their specific goal in the business field. (1808 words)

Is Homeschooling a Better Choice? Essay -- Education School Essays

Is Homeschooling a Better Choice? He is up with the sun, ready to go. He waits patiently for his brothers and sisters, but today is the first day of school and he is eager to start on his studies. All of the children are assembled in the front foyer as the big, yellow school bus zooms past their house. None of the children seem to notice. Instead, the group of eager students proceeds into their "schoolroom" to greet their teacher, also known as "Mom." Even as early as the turn of the century, children were often taught at home by their parents. Most often, this was because of the need of help on the family farm, location, or the lack of money. The description above, however, is one of a modern family. Home schooling is the fastest growing idea in education in the United States and beyond, in such countries as England, Canada, New Zealand, and Australia. (Blumenfeld 1) Probably the most asked question of homeschooling is, "Why?" Many parents feel the guardians of homeschooled children have deprived those children of social intelligence. They may feel that the children are taken away and are isolated for all their childhood years. This idea couldn’t be more far from the truth. Parents homeschool their children because they care about the education they receive. They know the public school system is in trouble. So much so, things such as becoming intellectually crippled and seriously handicapped are effective for 40 to 60 percent of schoolchildren. This academic problem is due to the educational means and methods public schoolchildren are brought up on. Reading disabilities diagnosed later on in life, such as dyslexia and attention deficit disorder can be caused by these teaching methods. ADD is often treated by the drug R... ...oses. (Blumenfeld 112-116) Homeschooling isn’t just an idea; it’s a way of life. The parents know their children, and kids learn naturally, with out any help, so continuing their interests through one on one interaction could only be good on them. Children learn so much more about the world around when they can be active participants in it. This is an idea that is long overdue. Works Cited Blumenfeld, Samuel L. Homeschooling: A Parent’s Guide to Teaching Children. Secaucus, N.J.: Carol Publishing Group, 1997. Dobson, Linda. The Homeschooling Book of Answers. Rocklin, CA: Prima Publishing, 1998. "How to Get Started Homeschooling." Home School House. 1998. www.geocities.com/~perkinshome/page54.html. Indiana Department of Education. Shackelford, Luanne, and Susan White. A Survivors Guide to Home Schooling. Wheaton, Illinois: Crossway Books, 1988. Is Homeschooling a Better Choice? Essay -- Education School Essays Is Homeschooling a Better Choice? He is up with the sun, ready to go. He waits patiently for his brothers and sisters, but today is the first day of school and he is eager to start on his studies. All of the children are assembled in the front foyer as the big, yellow school bus zooms past their house. None of the children seem to notice. Instead, the group of eager students proceeds into their "schoolroom" to greet their teacher, also known as "Mom." Even as early as the turn of the century, children were often taught at home by their parents. Most often, this was because of the need of help on the family farm, location, or the lack of money. The description above, however, is one of a modern family. Home schooling is the fastest growing idea in education in the United States and beyond, in such countries as England, Canada, New Zealand, and Australia. (Blumenfeld 1) Probably the most asked question of homeschooling is, "Why?" Many parents feel the guardians of homeschooled children have deprived those children of social intelligence. They may feel that the children are taken away and are isolated for all their childhood years. This idea couldn’t be more far from the truth. Parents homeschool their children because they care about the education they receive. They know the public school system is in trouble. So much so, things such as becoming intellectually crippled and seriously handicapped are effective for 40 to 60 percent of schoolchildren. This academic problem is due to the educational means and methods public schoolchildren are brought up on. Reading disabilities diagnosed later on in life, such as dyslexia and attention deficit disorder can be caused by these teaching methods. ADD is often treated by the drug R... ...oses. (Blumenfeld 112-116) Homeschooling isn’t just an idea; it’s a way of life. The parents know their children, and kids learn naturally, with out any help, so continuing their interests through one on one interaction could only be good on them. Children learn so much more about the world around when they can be active participants in it. This is an idea that is long overdue. Works Cited Blumenfeld, Samuel L. Homeschooling: A Parent’s Guide to Teaching Children. Secaucus, N.J.: Carol Publishing Group, 1997. Dobson, Linda. The Homeschooling Book of Answers. Rocklin, CA: Prima Publishing, 1998. "How to Get Started Homeschooling." Home School House. 1998. www.geocities.com/~perkinshome/page54.html. Indiana Department of Education. Shackelford, Luanne, and Susan White. A Survivors Guide to Home Schooling. Wheaton, Illinois: Crossway Books, 1988.

Accounting As A Career Essay

As the decision of where I will attend college next year quickly approached, I decided to investigate the major I have chosen, Accounting. Because my goal is to become a Certified Public Accountant (CPA), I would like to know more of what it entails. Dealing with numbers, and recording and projecting the earnings of a company, accountants are placed with the responsibility of keeping track of the moneys of a business. God has blessed me with skills in the areas of mathematics and organization, which caused me to look for an occupation that utilizes both. Accounting seemed a logical choice since they largely work with numbers and organize their clients’ money. In order to become a CPA, one must receive a bachelor’s degree and work for a prescribed number of hours for a top accounting firm. Covering a wide spectrum of business related specialization, accountants and those who act as auditors must be able to determine whether or not a company is using their resources effic iently and if they are correctly recording the moneys they come in contact with. I am aware that accountants work with money and the documenting of it but would like to ascertain exactly what else the job of a CPA consists of. Since the recent downturn of the American economy and job market, I began to ponder how easy it would be to attain a job as an accountant. According to Steve French, an accountant for the Calvary Satellite Network, it is easy to find an accounting job, regardless of the state of the economy, because every company needs an accountant. Also, in the opinion of Richard Schweppe, Chief Financial Officer (CFO) of CorVel Corporation, the best thing about accounting is the option of working for any type of company an individual may find interesting. Because every business needs an accountant and many people use them for tax preparation, those with a degree in accounting can easily find a job after college. Furthermore, â€Å"with fewer students earning accounting degrees, organizations are devoting greater resources to attracting these candidates.† Having thus determined the ease and likelihood that I will be able to find an accounting job upon graduation from college, I decided to lo ok into exactly what an accountant does, how they attain the title of CPA, and how much money they make. While researching the job description of accountants, I discovered multiple  types of accountants, performing jobs ranging from banking to auditing. First of all, one can become a public accountant and work for a public accounting firm. â€Å"They perform a broad range of accounting, auditing, tax, and consulting activities for their clients, who may be corporations, governments, nonprofit organizations, or individuals.† The majority of public accountants, however, work on taxes. With the constantly changing tax laws, many people hire accountants to prepare and file their income taxes. They execute tasks â€Å"such as preparing individual income tax returns and advising companies of the tax advantages and disadvantages of certain business decisions.† Tax accountants must be aware of the new tax laws and must be constantly learning and understanding all of the changes. Also, they have to face extremely hectic work schedules during the tax season. Debra Schill, who owns a Triple Check business, explained, â€Å"During tax season (January through April), I work seven days a week, from 6 to 18 hours per day†¦[and] evenings and weekends are dedicated to filling out [clients’] tax returns, getting them processed and out the door.† In addition to accurately filling out tax returns, tax accountants must be familiar with the types of businesses they are working for. â€Å"A thorough understanding of the clients’ business, investment, and personal objectives is required, as well as a thorough understanding of the tax laws and their applications.† Besides taxes, public accountants likewise perform audits. First of all, an audit can be defined as â€Å"examining a client’s financial statements and reporting to investors and authorities that they have been prepared and reported correctly.† â€Å"According to Barron’s Dictionary of Finance and Investment Terms, an audit is ‘prof essional examination and verification of a company’s accounting documents and supporting data for the purpose of rendering an opinion as to their fairness, consistency, and conformity with generally accepted accounting principles.'† Although only about 15 percent of accountants actually perform them, auditing is the most widely known and the most important job of a CPA. Auditors must follow certain rules and report the facts without bias or other influences. Performing this necessary task is essential â€Å"because it ensures the integrity of the financial information on which our economic system depends.† As well as auditing, public accountants consult and offer advice to companies. â€Å"Consulting services provided by CPAs may range from brief discussions with clients in  the form of consultations or may involve larger initiatives such as implementation, transaction, or support services.† Consulting allows accountants to move from company to company, giving them a wide array of knowledge regarding the running of different companies and how to handle certain situations. Public accountants can choose to specialize in taxes, auditing, consulting, or a plethora of other opportunities. Another type of accounting that interested me was management accounting. Often referred to as industrial or private accountants, â€Å"management accountants analyze and interpret the financial information corporate executives need to make sound business decisions.† Although there are many different types of management accountants, the one that intrigued me the most was the internal auditor. â€Å"The internal auditor conducts an independent appraisal from within the organization by analyzing, criticizing, and recommending improvements to internal financial practices.† Allowed to work for a specific company, he still performs audits as he would if working for a public accounting firm. Being the company’s in-house â€Å"authority,† the internal auditor may â€Å"assist outside CPAs in their examination and evaluation of the company’s financial statements.† An internal auditor can help a company ensure that they are successfully and correctly utilizing, recording, and reporting their financial state before they are officially audited. As another alternative, an accountant can choose to work for the government. The largest employer of CPAs in the United States is the Internal Revenue Service (IRS). â€Å"IRS agents examine and audit the accounting books and records of individuals, partnerships, fiduciaries, and corporations to determine their court federal tax liability.† Working for the government would prove to be an exciting job if one becomes an investigative accountant. For me personally, I am not particularly interested in working for the government. When I am looking for a job in accounting, the skills I possess will determine my eligibility and appeal. Many abilities and skills are necessary in order to work in the accounting field. For example, I have found that  accounting is not just about number crunching, but is also about helping a company run efficiently. Personal soft skills are needed in order to effectively work with others. As a recommendation, the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants (AICPA) states that accounting professionals should â€Å"be able to work with others to accomplish objectives†¦[and] demonstrate an ability to work productively with individuals in a diversity of roles and with varying interests.† Because of the many sides of accounting, meetings are continuously attended relating to the different aspects of the business instrumental in the running of the company. Speech and communication skills are important to effectively inform, and â€Å"firms seek strong communicators who can explain complex financial information clearly and concisely to a diverse audience.† In addition, individuals must be able to deliver presentations and express information concisely and clearly, both in speech and writing. As a result of continuously changing technology, accountants, and all business employees, must be able to advance with these many changes. Accountants will always be learning as technology and laws change. Furthermore, â€Å"given the fiduciary nature of the work [they] perform, people will rely on the information [they] provide. Honesty and integrity are qualities which are highly valued.† Because they work with money and are trusted to report the truth about a company and its financial state, I believe accountants should have a high degree of moral integrity. In addition, business sense and an awareness of events transpiring in the world are key assets when working for any company that may be affected by any shifts in the global economy. According to the Robert Half and Accountemps 2002 Salary Guide, â€Å"Companies seek professionals who can manage a broad range of accounting responsibilities, including general ledger, cost control and financial reporting†¦Individuals proficient with spreadsheet applications and who possess excellent customer service skills are highly sought after.† A personable attitude and knowledge of technology can enhance one’s resume, as well as their odds for getting a job. When Robert Half International asked CFOs â€Å"Which of the following interpersonal skills is most valued in accounting candidates today,† they responded according to the chart below. An endless amount of skills and abilities are highly recommended for accountants. After learning what an accountant does and what skills are needed, I decided to research exactly how one becomes a CPA. Most of the requirements and information on becoming a CPA was provided on the website of the California Board of Accountancy provided me with. First of all, â€Å"a CPA is a certified public accountant and is licensed by the state. In California, to earn the prestige associated with the CPA license, individuals are required to demonstrate their knowledge and competence by passing an exam, meeting high educational standards and completing a specified amount of general accounting experience.† Becoming a CPA involves an approximately six year journey, including attending a college or university. Two pathways that may take to obtain the title of CPA have been created by the California Board of Accountancy. Pathway 1 is designed for those who will practice only in California. The education requirement is a bachelor’s degree, including  twenty-four semest er units in accounting-related subjects and twenty-four semester units in business related subjects. In addition to meeting the education requirements, one must pass the Uniform CPA Exam. Given over a two-day period twice a year, this exam consists of four parts: Business Law and Professional Responsibilities; Auditing; Accounting and Reporting-Taxation, Managerial, and Governmental and Not-for-Profit Organizations; and Financial Accounting and Reporting-Business Enterprises. â€Å"If all four parts are not passed on the first attempt, applicants may establish conditional credit by passing two sections with a grade of 75 or higher during a single sitting. Once conditional credit is established, [one] may take [their] remaining unpassed exam sections individually.† Next, one must have two years of general accounting experience supervised by a licensed CPA. During this period, it is expected that one â€Å"[has] participated in planning audits†¦[;] has written comments, observations and conclusions resulting from the work performed†¦[; and] has participated in the preparation of, and reporting on, full disclosure financial statements.† I see the two years of supervised experience as a benefit to those aspiring to become CPAs. Certainly, all people who are in the process of becoming a CPA should take full advantage of this aid by learning all they can through real job experience. Pathway 2 is similar to Pathway 1 and is recommended for those who may want to practice in another state. Differences include the requirement of only one year of general accounting experience supervised by a licensed CPA in addition to 150 semester units of education. Also, conditional credit on the CPA exam is only awarded to those who pass two or more sections with a grade of 75 percent or higher and earn a minimum grade of 50 percent on the remaining unpassed sections, and is valid for three years. Although it takes a long period of time to officially become a CPA, I anticipate the challenge. This information has verified my desire to become a CPA. Consequently, I researched the salary of an accountant to see whether it provides a good income. According to the 1998-1999 Graduate Status Report of California Polytechnic State University in San Luis Obispo, the median salary of the graduates was $3083 per month and ranged from $1833 to $4333. Of the 69 students who responded to the questionnaire, 67 were employed full-time  within a year after their graduation. The Robert Half and Accountemps 2002 Salary Guide reports that novice general, audit, tax and cost accountants working in a large company ($250 million+ in sales) can earn $33,000 to $40,750, those working in a medium company ($25 to $250 million in sales) can earn $31,250 to $37,500, and those working in a small company (up to $25 million in sales) can earn $29,500 to $35.250 a year. These are only the starting salaries for those working up to one year, but those who become managers can earn anywhere from $47,500 t o $79,000 a year. Bookkeeping, an area of accounting that was of some interest to me, has relatively low salaries. Depending on the title and experience, one can earn from $24,000 to $48,500 per year. I discovered that the title that earns the most money is that of CFO or Treasurer, which can rise to $360,250. An accurate summary of the occupation of an accountant is that he â€Å"has the task of accumulating and dispensing needed financial information. Since his activities touch upon nearly every phase of business operation and financial information is communicated in accounting terms, accounting is said to be the ‘language of business.’ Anyone intending to engage in any type of business activity is well advised to learn this language.† After researching what accountants actually do, I discovered that they do much more than just crunch numbers all day. The variety and diversity of jobs available caused me to contemplate about what I would like to specialize in and what type of company I would like to work for. Moreover, interpersonal skills are important and accountants have interaction with a number of associates and clients frequently. Previously, I had thought that accountants were mostly bookkeepers, but have discovered that only a small percentage of them are and that they make the least amount of money out of the various specializations. While there are accountants who are not CPAs, becoming one will help ensure a higher income and the prestige associated with becoming a CPA. The road to becoming a CPA is longer than I had expected, but I believe it is worth the training and experience required. Since tremendous amounts of time and effort are necessary, a strong desire to become a CPA must be present in all who seek to become one. Unquestionably, the wide base of business knowledge that one studying accounting amasses allows them to work anywhere in the business environment. Accounting is a great foundation for  all business and is a great choice for anyone interested in numbers and working with people. Works Cited â€Å"Accounting: 1998-1999 Graduate Status Report.† Cal Poly Career Services. 4 April 2002 . â€Å"AICPA Career Paths.† 25 March 2002 . â€Å"AICPA Personal Competencies.† 24 March 2002 . Camenson, Blythe. Careers for Perfectionists and Other Meticulous Types. VGM Careers For You Series. Chicago: NTC/Contemporary Publishing Group, Inc., 1999. Carson, A. B., Arthur E. Carlson, and Mary E. Burnet. Accounting Essentials for Career Secretaries. 3rd ed. Cincinnati: South-Western Publishing Co., 1972. French, Steve. Personal Interview. 10 April 2002. Goldberg, Jan. Great Jobs for Accounting Majors. Chicago: NTC/Contemporary Publishing Group, Inc., 1998. â€Å"Licensing – Experience Requirements.† The California Board of Accountancy. 28 February 2002 . Messmer, Max. Next Generation Accountant. Robert Half International Inc. . – – -. Robert Half and Accountemps 2002 Salary Guide. N.p.: n.p., 2001. Schweppe, Richard. Personal Interview. 24 April 2002. Weinstein, Grace W. The Bottom Line: Inside Accounting Today. New York: New American Library: 1987. â€Å"What It Takes: a Guide to Becoming a CPA.† CalCPA Online. 15 April 2002 .